The counter weight Trebuchet  

The bisateen empire in the east had almost collapsed over some disorder and cayos. But a new emperor came in and stabilized the empire. The muslums were agitating the empire from the east one thing they did was capsher the city of Nicaea which the bisateen empire wanted to get back. They were all so generally concerned about the evasion from the muzlums. So they sent out a request to the pope of the western church as a call for help to help them fight the battles. It was that call for help and the and the popes preaching of sermons that anesheated the first crusade were western soldiers clergymen anybody who could move east to help fight the muzlums that were threatened invasion. The bizateen empire used the first counterweight trebuchet to retake Nicaea because it had walls it had thick heavy walls and they invented this trebuchet to break it down. The counterweight trebuchet evolved from the older version. It was called the contraction trebuchet and in that design a group of men would pull at the same time on several ropes in order to sling the arm up and launch the projectile (a stone ) and this was inspired by the little sling. You sling it around and then you throw a stone. It was used by the shepherds to protect their flocks from lions. The main benefit of the counterweight trebuchet was that hurl missiles of all kinds over several hundred feet and destroy thick walls thicker walls than a catapult could. The reason is because it takes advantage of a heavy weight and the effect of gravitate to a great swing force hurl these projectiles. 

Distilled Spirits 

   Wine and beer have been around since the dawn of creation. Distilled spirits represented the first true innovation in beer making or wine making and probably 5,000 years. A distilled spirit is a beverage that’s made of concentrated alcohol that is extracted from a fermed bevring like wine or beer. Now making hard licker or spirits rests upon the process of desolation which was probably invented by Mary the Juise. One of the first western practitioners of alcome around 200 AD. The process of distillation became the little tinker tool of alchemists. Alchemists were trying to figure out how to manipulate the elements corresponding to the planets in order to gain secret knowledge about the universe and transfer themselves into some kind of divine being. Well the main benefit of the spirits in general was that it could gladden the heart and it could improve your mood. 

Vertical Windmill

The first kind of windmill was the horizontal windmill and they were invented by the Persians. We do not know if the Europeans vertical windmill was inspired by the Persians. There is no evidence about that but it is just a guess. The main function of the windmill is to convert wind into energy into power. Then the windmill can operate mills and other machens in a town that is far from flowing water sources unlike the waterwheel which can do the only it is used in towns that are near flowing water sources like a river.

Stern- Mounted Rudder

The oversize steering wheel oar was the original method of steering but boats could not get that big in order to still be able to steer the boat because if the boats got too big it would be harder to steer the boat it could crash into rocks and other things. But the stern- mounted rudder changed that evan bouts changed. The back of the boat became flat in order to be able to mount the rudder on there.