Gottfried Leibiz 

Gottfried Leibiz was born the son of a professor,he started college at 15 and published his first book when he was 19. By the time he was 20 he had 4 degrees and a law license,he went to work for the German government. Leibniz accessed scientific inspiration in France. The Leibniz was crucial for mechanical calculus. He invented calculus notation. He philosophized about symoliclogic, Leibniz was also a practical inventor. Leibniz gained reputation through government work. He demonstrated the mechanical calculator to the Royal Society in 1673. He visited England and met with Newton in 1676. Leibniz developed the first German scientific journal that popularized his ideas and others. The calculus controversy was started by Leibniz’s journal.

The Piano

Bart Cristofori invented the piano, he was a talented Italian musician and inventor. He went to work for the Medicis in Florence,Italy managing and creating. He finished his first piano in 1700, Its name comes from its Italian description:”che fail piano, eil forte”. The piano is a stringed instrument that uses keys to trigger a hammer. They are complicated devices that use simple machines to amplify your finger force. It is musically versatile: classic,jazz,rock, and so on. The piano teaches great music education. The musical spectrum is visualized on the keyboard. Cristonfori began selling his piano as medical weath declined and his blueprints were published and widely read in a journal. The design was improved as a result of Bach’s critical comments. Mozart then wrote successful piano music. 

The Thermometer 

The Greeks figured out that materials expand and contract. Galileo invented the thermoscope in 1593. They were applied practically. But they were sensitive to air pressure as temperature. The medicis devised an alcohol thermometer. The early thermometers had no standardized scales. Daniel Fahrenheit was born in 1686 and lived in the Dutch Republic. After his parents died, he became a merchant’s apprentice. He quit his job and took out a loan tomake his own thermometers. While was an outlaw he traveled and interacted with other scientists. Thermometers are sealed off from the environment, thermometers measure temperature. Their scale is based around the boiling and melting points of water. Thermometers offer practical benefits like weather forecasting and cooking. They are critical in industrial and power production prosesses. Fahrenheit saw that the Italian thermometers didn’t have standard scales, he decided we should base a scale on material properties. He published his temperature scale in 1724. He produced thermometers that both indicated the same temperature, his scale became the most popular in the world.

The seismometer

The chinese invented the seismometer in 132 AD. It took 1600 years for the idea to take root again this time in Europe. The pendulum was an object of growing interest by 1700 AD. Italian Nicholas Cirillo invented a seismometer that used a pendulum in 1731. Seismometers measure earthquakes. A spring-weight system detects surface motion. Modern seismometers incorporate electronics to improve sensitivity. Seismometers can prevent death due to tsunamis. They can also be used to predict volcanic eruptions. A series of earthquakes in Italy in the 1780s drove interest. They were disastrous to the economy. Salsano built a pendulum seismometer in 1783 to measure them. The most powerful earthquakes in American history struk in 1611-1812. Daniel Drake detected them using a seismometer modeled after Salsanos.