The Flying Shuttle 

John Kay was born in 1704,he apprenticed in the textile industry.  Then he went into the textile business for himself. He invented a new kind of reed, made from wire, he  then invented the flying shuttle in 1733. The  flying shuttle unleashed fabric production capability, it sped up fabric production. One weaver(instead of two) could produce widecloth. The fling shuttle reduced the skill required. It led to thread shortage. John Kay encountered the forces of envy. HE began manufacturing his new invention,weavers became threatened by the device and tried to drive Kay out of business. Kay was blamed for rising thread prices. He almost went bankrupt defending hs patent against pirates (unsuccessfully)

Marine Chronometer

John Harrison was born in 1693 a carpenter’s son, he became interested in clocks at age. He invented a new temperature compensating pendulum. He gained insights during its design that aided his future work. His chronometer was designed to win the monetary prize. The marine chronometer is a fine crafted precision machine. Immune to: temperature,humidity, pressure, and gravity. It’s time was the reference point for determining longitude. And thanks to marine chronometer sailing accuracy improved greatly. Harrion refined his design for the next 30 years. Parliament was reluctant to award him the prize, Captain James Cook lauded Harrison’s chronometer. They were expensive in italy expensive. The English Navy began requiring each ship to have one in the 1800s.  

Anders Celsius 

Anders Celsius was born in 1701. His grandfather was a famous scientist. He developed stenography in Sweden from his rune discoveries. His uncle olaf was an influential scientist too. Anders entered his father’s university and then became a professor. The centigrade temperature scale was originally backwards, Anders participated in the expeditions to determine the Earth’s shape. He initiated scientific inquiry into the Northern Lights. He founded Uppsala observatory in 1741. His participation in the expedition made him famous. His friend Linnaeus inverted his temperature scale. Celsius published papers and participated in Swedish scientific societies. He wrote a popular math book for children. 

Leyden Jar 

Two scientists invented the Leyden Jar. Kleist’s teacher was Gravesande, a teacher of Newton’s ideas. Kleist theorized that electricity was a fluid,inspired by Hauksbee’s machine. He got a huge shock from a jar he built. Professor musschenbroek perfected it. The Leyden Jar is a battery that stores charge. A glass jar sides coated with metal electrodes inside. It was charged by being connected to an Influence Machine. Touching the electrode discharges it,your hand originally played the role of the foil. Muschenbroek told French scientists about the new invention. He also egan selling them to rich scientists in France. Daniel Gralth of Poland began experimenting with it. He publicized the jar in experiments before other scientists. He wrote a major history book on electricity.