History 5 Lesson 20

Portland Cement

Joseph Aspdin was born in England in 1778, he began experimenting with cement formulas. He patented his “portland cement” in 1929. Portland cement is most commonly used in the world. Cement binds the different ingredients together, concrete is strong under compression and versatile. They are good for foundation and walls. It can be reinforced for strength. William Aspdin’s cement formula was different from his father’s. It became immediately popular in London, others began figuring out Joseph’s formula. It was counter intuitive at the time. Most concrete used Portland cement in the US by the 1930s. Ferromagnetic materials produce strong magnetic fields. Electromagnets are artificial magnets, iron is easily magnetized, They were simple to make. Electromagnets can create strong or weak magnetic fields with the touch of a button. The electromagnetic connection captivated people. Stungean promoted magnetism in scientific journals. Joseph Henry improved Sturgeon’s magnet in 1830.

Passenger Rail

George Stephenson was born in Britain in 1781. He experienced a family tragedy. He became an expert in steam engines. Stephenson built his first locomotive in 1814. The first passenger car ran in 1814, passenger cars were pulled by locomotives. They come in a variety of types. Passenger trains serve different needs, they carry people quickly over long distances. Stephenson continued developing the industry. He built a major railway in 1830. Stephenson consulted with American entrepreneurs.

Matches

John Walker was born in 1781. Walker couldn’t handle the good of surgery. Walker became a pharmacist, he understood the weakness of chemical matches. Insight: combination of accident and experience. Matches start fires quickly, the match head contains chemical igniters. Safety matches are most common, the chemicals in the head combine with phosphorus on the strifing pad. Matches produce fire “on demand”. Walker sold match boxes for shilling. He named the “congreves”. Already well off, Walker didn’t patent the matches. Others improved the match after Walker. John Pusey invented the matchbook in 1896. Companies advertised their products on.          

English 6 Lesson 54

Today my assignment was to write about a favorite hobby or write an essay on the kind of work I would like to do when I become an adult. So I’ve decided to write an essay on the kind of work I would like to do when I become an adult.

I would like to become a Veterinarian, I’ll start by working for a Vet then maybe, just maybe, start my own business. I’ll definitely need a good college education, I’m not exactly sure what college I’ll go to. But I do know I’ll need to find one with a great Veterinarian school. I’m hoping to work with a Large and Small animal Vet. I try to help my dad doctor on any cattle, or our horses, dogs or cats that need doctoring. And I watch this show The Incredible Dr. Pol. When I started watching I had to look away at a lot of stuff. But now I force myself to look, I also think that it’s funny that when they show the next patient and its symptoms, I pause the show and try to guess what’s wrong with the animal and what treatment they need to use. And most of the time I’m right, only a couple of times I’m wrong. I plan to stick to being in this job. Unless the books I’m writing with a friend turn out to become really popular. And I hope they turn out to be pretty popular, but I also really hope that I can still work as a Vet. I’ve learned from watching this other TV show called Songland that sometimes the song writers need to have another job just so they can pay the bills and I know that when they first start some of them get off to a rocky start and then things start to get better. But also sometimes you need life expenses to be able to write a song or a book. I’ve talked about this a couple of times with my mom and she agrees.   

History 5 Lesson 15

Pencil

Earliest forms of writing were on clay tables, Greeks and Romans used wax tables they were erasable. A unique graphite mine was discovered in England in 1500 AD. England gained a monopoly over pencil-making. Nicolas Jacques Conte invented the modern pencil as an alternative to Britain’s. Pencils are graphite rods encased in wood. Pencils make durable markings. They are cheap to make and use. Pencils offered benefits to artists. Conte pencil dominated Europe. But it didn’t spread to America. John Thoreacu manufactured pencils in Massachusetts in the 1820s. His pencils were inferior to Conte’s. John’s son, Henry independently invented the same pencil that Conte had 15 years earlier.

Stethoscope

Rene Lannec was born in 1781 in France, he was sick as a child. He trained under great French doctors, he had several interests related to sound. He invented the stethoscope in a Eureka! Moment in 1816. Stethoscopes let us listen to sounds inside our body. The chest piece captures a sound wave. They traveled through air tubes into our eardrums. Electronics enhanced stethoscope features. We can listen to heartbeat, blood flow, and lunges. Laenec used his stethoscope with autopsies. He published a book in 1819. Lanennec wasn’t roo critical of the existing (inferior) methods. His invention spread quickly throughout Europe. The modern design emerged in 1852. 

Tunneling Shield

Marc Isambard Buried, was born in France in 1769, he fled to France to escape the murderous reign of Robespierre. Gained engineering experience in New York City in 1793. He returned to England in 1799 to mass produce pulley blocks. He patented a tunneling shield in 1818. Tunneling shields protect men digging tunnels. Brunel Sank, an acces ring into earth. The Shield contained worker compartments. He excavated 8-12 feet per week. He Negotiated with Russia For bailout. Brunel leveraged competition with Russia to escape British debtor’s prison. Began digging the Thames tunnel in 1825. Financial trouble struck by 1828. 

Paved Roads 

John McAdam was born in Scotland in America as a prize agent. He returned to Scotland and got involved in road-building. McAdam began experimenting with new roads. He invented the Macadam paved road in 1816. MacAdam is a paved road made up of layers of gravel. 30 feet wide, 3-inch rise towards the center. The stones were crushed manually with hammers. More durable and economic than other kinds. The macadam road spread quickly. They rooted out corruption because they were so quick to build. McAdam’s promoted his design through a book. Books spread ideas rapidly, The first macadam road completed in America in 1823.           

English 6 Lesson 40

My assignment for today was to write an essay on one of the following two options, write a set of instructions for something that I like to do. Use sequential order. Or write about my daily routine. Use chronological order. I have decided to do my daily routine, 

  • Wake up to a song mom or dad played on the party speaker, 
  • Go in the kitchen and see what’s for breakfast. 
  • Go into the bathroom and brush the mess/monster of hair. (My hair is really wild in the morning, sometimes I look like Cousin It from the Addams family)
  •  Grab breakfast, 
  • Go into living room and watch a movie or a Tv show, (right now I’m on a Marvel kick, it’s kind of the only thing I watch right now)
  • Get dressed and go on a walk, 
  • Come back do school
  • In the middle of  one of my breaks tie up the show steer and brush him,
  • Finish the rest of school, and turn steer lose, lead him back to his pen and let him go.
  • Read my book
  • Write more on a book, that I’m writing with a friend
  • Eat dinner
  • Do it all over again

The Apocalypse of 2020, Aka A story part 5

I finally cam up with a name for the story, now instead of A Story part 5 I will just put the title: Apocalypse of 2020. What I’ve posted for you guys isn’t much but I will post more as soon as I think of what happens next. Which could take a while,

4

Ava

I had to get away, when I was watching the boys fight I felt helpless. I hate that feeling, I wanted mom back…I wanted to feel her comfort, to smell her perfume, to hear her voice. Ava, I love you now GO! Those were the last words mom had said before she…she got eaten, my eyes got teary, I wiped the tears away and continued walking.  The clouds were starting to come together, making everything look a little bit darker, which didn’t improve my mood much. I have no clue where I was going, I had not yet had the chance to look around town, I couldn’t stop thinking about when I kissed Jason. I shake my head, I can’t think about that right now, I just had to go, I had to be alone. 

But that wish didn’t last forever. As soon as I make it past the church, I run into some zombies. I reach for my bat only to realize that I left it back at the high school, I curse, and run into the church. I baccarat myself in the church, but I know that the door won’t hold for long. I run up into the choir loft, and hope that I’m safe. Oh, why was I so stupid to  leave my bat back at the high school? I was freaking out, how was I going to get out of this one? I hear the door crack open. I scream, I was about to jump out the window when something grabbed me, 

“AH! AH! Let me go! AHHH!” I screamed bloody murder, 

“Ava! Ava! It’s ok, it’s me Jason! Ava calm down!” I turn around, now facing Jason,

“Jason! Oh my god! It’s you!” I hug him, but then I pull away quickly,

“Sorry,” I say,

“It’s fine,” he said hugging me back, “So what do you say that we go back to the tree house” He said smiling,

“I’d love that,” I say. The blood on Jason’s nose had completely dried up and his eye was starting to blacken,

“Jason, your nose,” He seems to remember that fact that he’d just been in a fight,

“Right, well I didn’t have time to think about that at the moment, all I cared about was looking for you” That last comment had filled me with warmth. 

“That’s really sweet of you Jason,” I replied, I grabbed Jason’s hand and we walked out of the church, rain was coming down lightly and it was getting colder. 

“Come on,” I say, urging Jason to move faster, we finally make it back to the tree house, Benjamin is sitting on the couch, glaring at me and Jason. 

“I see you found her,” He said coldly,

“And I will have no regrets about feeding you to the zombies” I say, hes eyes widened in panic. I kind of strut passed him and entered my room to change. When I walk out again, I see that Jason has changed also, Emily and Ryan sat on the far end of the couch, Jason picked a chair next to the couch and sat down. I walked over to Jason and sat down  next to him on the floor, I crossed my legs.

“So…I’m guessing until we can build another bedroom Benjamin is sleeping on the couch?” I say breaking the silence, Ryan and Emily shake their heads,

“I really didn’t want him here” Ryan said giving Benjamin a dirty look,

“Same” said Emily, I turn to Jason, he shifted uncomfortably, I could tell he didn’t like everyone staring at him,

“Well…I don’t know, I guess he could stay. But on the other hand he’s a pain in the butt. So…I guess I’m saying that I don’t want him here either” Everyone turns to me,

“You guys want the truth?” I ask, everyone nods,

“I think Benjamin is a no good dirty little weasel two devers to be fed to the zombies, but he’s a human, he’s alive, don’t any of you guys want your normal lives back?” There was a stunned silence, everyone knew I was right no matter who he was, he was still human. And maybe if we were under different stercumstanses then I would probably not be giving my friends a grand speech about he’s a human and whatnot.  

“So…he stays?” Emily asks,    

English 6 Lesson 35

My assignment today was to compare and contrast the stories of Dr. Boekman’s son Laurens, and the prodigal son in Luke 15. Think about similarities or differences in the characters: Why do they leave home?  What do they do while they are gone? Are they happy being gone? Why do they return home? How are they treated when they return?

   Dr. Boekman’s son Laurens, ran away because he thought that his father was mad because when they were trying the help a patient, Laurens thought that he’d given his father the medicine the he needed in order to cure this man but instead he gave him something else and the man had died later that day. When Laurens found out, he thought he’d murdered the man and his father was mad at him. So he ran away, years later when Laurens was much older (I’m not exactly sure how old he is) he returned home. 

His father was very happy to see him. Larurens, his father, and the Brinker family celebrated his return.  In the prodigal son in Luke 15, the son left his father because he wanted to party and have fun. He wasted all of his money, he was hungry, so he got work but they didn’t give him anything to eat. Then he decided to return home and work for his father. When he returned his father was very happy to see him. They ate the calf that they had been fattening up to eat and had a big celebration. The brother of the son who ran away had gotten jealous because he’d worked hard for his father but they had never done anything like that for him. 

In both stories the boys ran away, but for different reasons. One was scared that he had murdered a man, but he really didn’t mean to. The other wanted to party. In the end their fathers were both happy to see them.    

History 5 Lesson 10

Vapor-Compression Theory

William Cullen experimented with refrigeration in 1755. Ben Franklin investigated vapor cooling in 1758. American inventor Oliver Evans made a breakthrough, he described Vapor-compression refrigeration theory in 1805. Evaporation: Also heat, cools environment, condensing releases heat, warms environment. Electricity performs the work, it creates cold environments, prevents food from spoiling quickly. Evens developed the theory but  didn’t build a device. John Gorrie built one in 1842 for medical purposes. James Harrison built an ice machine for business in 1856. Thaddeus Lowe installed a refrigeration unit on food ships in 189.

Oliver Evans

Oliverer Evans was born in Delaware in 1755. He defused invention to donate repetitive tasks. He built his own mill with his brothers as a “lab” (1783).  He Adopted ancient technology to modern processes. Evans was ahead of his time. Did some of the first work with high-pressure steam engines in America. Opened a foundry that developed liveres metal working experience. Connected to Roloert Fulton steamboat inventor. Evans launched several marketing campaigns. He had a breakthrough whan ha was over a prominent Quaker family. That Mall reveals the massive savings Evan’s system produced. George Washington installed the system at home. Evans published two popular books. 

Percussion Ignition

John Forsyth was born in Scotland in 1769, he became a presbyterion minister. Forsyth enjoyed duck hunting. The shotguns weren’t stealthy enough. Forsyth invented percussion cap ignition in 1807. Percussion ignition relies on vibration. Percussion filled with mercury fulminate. It is channeled into a barrel. Friction creates a small explosion which invites powder. Allowed guns to fire in rain and fired faster. Forsyth opened a gun manufacturing shop. He advertised the benefits of his gun to wealthy sportsmen. Forsyth struggled to stay in business because of patient lawsuits. An American teh system in 1814. Within 30 year in use by the military. 

Canning Process

Nicolas Apport chef was born in 1749. Experimented with preserving different foods. He used glass bottles. He became mivated in 195 by award money. Built a bottling factory in 1810. Can,lid, ring, boiling water. Boiling food kills bacteria. Canning preserves nutritional value of food over time. Process was invented and we understood how it worked. Tin cans replaced glass jars by 1812. Military was the primary market for canned food initially. Sailors and navies also used it. Demand increased as the population expanded. High-quality canned food was sold to the public following the end of wars  

English 6 Lesson 30

My assessment for today was to choose another country and write about the interesting facts of that country. Think of the ways that Hans Brinker shows the culture of Holland. Describe the food, popular sports or entertainment, and interesting landmarks or buildings of the country that I choose. So I chose Italy.

Italy

Agriculture

Italy is the world’s largest wine producer and one of the leading in olive oil, fruits and vegetables. Quality goods in which Italy specialises particularly the already mentioned wines and regional cheeses. 

Holiday

Public holidays celebrated in Italy included religious national and regional observances. Italy’s National Day the the Festa Della Repubblica (Republic Day) is celebrated on June second each year. Saint Lucy’s Day, which takes place on the thirteenth of December, is very popular among children in some Italy regions where she plays a role similar to Santa Claus.

Sport

The most popular sport in Italy is football. Italy’s national football team is one of the world’s most successful teams with four FIFA world cup victories. Other popular team sports in Italy include, basketball, volleyball, and rugby. 

Music

From folk music to classical music has always played an important role in Italian culture. Instruments associated with classical music with classical music including the piano and violin were invented in Italy and many of the prevailing classical music forms, such as the symphony concerto and sonata. 

          

History 5 lesson 5

Suspension Bridges

Irish immigrant, James Finley was born in 1756. He became involved in numerous roof building projects. He reviewed bridge design proposals. He used the knowledge of ancient bridges to design efficient models after years of experimenting built suspension bridges in 1801. His bridge spanned 70 feet. Suspension bridge: good strength to-weight ratio. Two main forces: compression and tension. Three loads: dead, live, dynamic. Finley published his patented design in a magazine, many others began using his design. His design spread to Britain through publications, the first suspension bridge in 1820. They spread to continental Europe. 

Fire Hydrant 

Frederick Graff invented the modern fire hydrant. He became friends with its design. He designed an iron “fire plug”. Fire hydrants provide convenient access to fire water. It supplies more water than old mathoods. The water starves a fire. It also cools the fuel. Hydrants can be color coded. Other towns installed hydrant neworks. The wet barrel designs froze in the winter. New designs were devised to overcome this limitation. The dry barrel design arrived by 1812. In 1812,  towns began installing dedicated fire water neworks.

Locomotive

Richrd Trevithick, was born in 1771 in England. Newcomen invented steam engines (1712) and Watt improved. He spent time observing steam engines in mines. In 1801, he built the first high pressure steam locomotive. The locomotive powers the train. Rail transport is energy efficient. The locomotives used fine-tube boilers. They vaporize water which drives the pistons that turn wheels. The steam also provided passenger heat and braking power. Trevihick’s puff devil broke. But on public demonstrations to publicize his locomotives. George Stephenson built a highly refined locomotive in 1814. He participated in locomotive trials for a new railroad company  in 1829.   

English 6 Lesson 25

My Favorite time of the year

My assignment today was to tell a story about my favorite time of year. I’m not sure, I don’t really have a favorite time of the year, around in summer it’s super hot and I don’t feel like doing much, just staying inside where it’s cool. Now don’t get me wrong I love going outside but it’s so hot. I hate swimming, true be told I can’t swim. But I’m weird in a way that I think there’s something in the water or I’m just scared of drowning. I’m only scared of drowning when it comes to a pool when it comes to the beach. I’m scared of jellyfish and sharks. 

I don’t care if there have been no attacks at the beach, I’m not going in! I remember one time when my mom made me stand close to the water and rolled over my feet. I was fine until a piece of seaweed had touched my foot. I screamed and ran away from the water thinking it was something else. I was only in kindergarten then, but still I’ve never really liked the beach after that. Well I’m not sure if I don’t like the beach I’ve never been back. I’m more of a land girl, not a water and an island girl. I do like the summer though, because the days are longer that way I can do multiple things as in, playing outside, then when it’s getting too hot I can go inside and read, once I’m cooled off I start to get restless, so then I go back outside.

I like October when it’s just starting to get cold but it’s still pretty hot during the day. I really like it because then we have our big family reunion, I have so much fun with all of my cousins. We usually get together on the second weekend of October. Which is right after my birthday. October 17th. I’m not much of a runner which is all my little cousins like to do. They’re not super little as in toddler little, but they’re little to me. They love to run but I don’t like to run because I don’t know why I don’t like to run. I just don’t unless the weather is cool and crisp then I can run for a while. I’m more of a walker. I can walk so fast that my cousins  sometimes have to jog to keep up. So what I’m trying to say here is that I don’t really have a favorite time of the year, I like the summer, I Like fall, I like Winter, I like them all because each one I’m doing something different. 

For example, in the Fall (in the first week of October) we have our county fair. In the summer, (I’m not doing this in order but the way) I put the sprinkler under the trampoline. In autumn we are getting ready for the fair, gathering our cattle and getting ready to sell them. In Winter only it snows at least once (That’s the sad thing about New Mexico it doesn’t snow that much), so when it does, I make sure that I take pictures and gather some snow to make snow cream. Only this year it snowed in the third week of October.