This year I learned a lot and it has helped me with writing my stories. My two favorite books were The Railway Children by E. Nesbit, The Cat of Bubastes by G. A. Henty, A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Tanglewood Tales by Nathaniel Hawthorne. All of those books were old timey and something different than what I usually like to read so I’m glad I had the opportunity to read them. This whole course was fun and I learned a lot.
History 5 Lesson 180
Before I start the Essay I just wanted to say that this is the last lesson for History 5, I don’t know when I will be starting History 6 but I’m enjoying my break from a least one subject.
Throughout both courses of this History, I have learned to take very good notes on things. Especially for when I have to write my essays. I’m The Secretary for the 4-H Council, and for my club. As well as the Secretary for my FFA Chapter, and thanks to this course, I’ve learned to take notes and picea those notes together to make something. I’ve learned a whole lot from this course because I find myself watching movies that have to do with historical objects and I see something I learned about from History. I started telling my parents about it. Sometimes they are shocked, other times they give me more information about the invention. Especially the ones that have to do with agriculture, because my mom is a Highschool AG teacher.
History 5 Lesson 175
Flash Memory
Fujio Masuoka was born in Japan in 1943. He went to work with Toshiba. Worked with metal-oxide semiconductor memory. Invented improved EEPROM he called “flash” memory in 1981. Flash:solid-state memory that can be quickly erased and written to . Stable and resistant to environmental effects. MOSFET; most common transistor. Stored charye signals. Published TEEE paper on NAND. Intel introduced the first chip in 1988. The Sandisk was founded in 1988. Compact Flash format launched in 1994. Used in hard drives beginning in 2007.
CD-Rom
James Russewell patented disc writing tech in 1966. Philips and Sony partnered in 1970 on standardized CD format. CDs overtook tapes in 1992. Developed CD-Rom format in 1985. 4.7inches, 650 MB. 33,000 sectors 2,352 bytes per sector. Pits punched into aluminum. CD-Rom,65 times more space than hard drives in 1985. Microsoft shipped the first CD-Rom software in 1987. CD-Rom drives became standard features on PCS in the 1990s. Magazines packed CDS full free of software in their pages.
Cellular Phone
Concept of mobile phones emerged early. Car phones appeared in the 1940s. AT & T released IMTS in 1965. Bell labs developed cellular concepts beginning in 1947. Took 20 years for tech to develop. Martin Cooper led cell phone development at motorola. Cell phones were invented in 1973. Benefit: “Mobile” phone. Connects users to landline networks through radio. Large areas divided into cells. Increases the number of users possible. Cell ndworks were launched beginning in 1979. AMPS deployed in multiple countries. DynaTAC released in 1983. Ads conveyed the benefits. 4G (lTE) appeared in 2010.
World Wide Web
Tin Bernes-Leo was born in England in 1955. Degree in physics, worked in telecom industry. Joined CERN in 1980. Scientists had difficulty sharing files. Developed ENQUTRE over 6 mo. Returned in 1984. Invented world wide web in 1990-1991. The www-stored info. URL is the page address on the net. Embed links make accessing additional info easy. Easily retrieve knowledge. Subdomains: ww,ftp, ect. Tin, come up with a world wide web. First website explained how to use www. Internet consortium formed in 1994 Netscape released in 1994. Microsoft’s browser appeared in 1995.
An Idea, Let’s See Where It Goes
This is a stupid name for this post, but I’m not feeling creative, besides I do have an idea and I want to see where it goes. So there is this big black dog hanging around our house for the past couple of days. He’s been eyeing out goat. So obviously he’s probably trouble. I don’t was him to eat out goat. Anyway, a couple of days ago he was sitting up on one of the hills at our house, I swear he was watching us. He was just sitting there his ears perked up. Have I mentioned that he was big? I think I did but just in case I’m saying it again. That’s not the creepy part, the creepy part is that a few crows were circling him. So then I got this idea for a story, yes, I get idea’s for stories in the most random and sometime creepy situations. Can you blame me though? I think this will be a good one. I’m not sure yet. Ok, by now you are either bored with what I have to say or your thinking get on with it. Well my idea is what if this man and his wife just moved into the man’s father’s ranch and on that ranch there was this dog, well what if the dog haunting them, because of something the man’s family did years ago. But only members of that family can be haunted and if they are currently staying or living at that ranch. Anyone else who lived at that ranch was fine. And I know I said that I would work on that one zombie apocalypse story thing I had going but, I think I might give up on it and work on this short story. Now here’s the thing, should I post what I have of the story written so far? Do you the people who chose to read this want a sneak peak of it? Comment if you do, if you don’t then I shall leave it a mystery until I’ve written all of it. *Evilly laughs as I disappear into the darkness and into my hobbit hole which I chose to come out from*
I don’t know why I put that but I thought it would be funny. I think one of my other personalities took over. Which personalty you may ask? The one with a very bad taste in humor.
History 5 Lesson 170
TCP/ IP Internet Protocol
Telephones use circuit switching. Packet switching was developed in the 1960s. Network protocol improved for ARPANET computers. HOw to allow satellites to talk to ARPANET. TCP/IP allows computers to talk over the network. Four “layers”: hardware Internet, transport application. Routers forward “packets” to nodes. Stanford and London communicated in 1972. Big companies adopted it. Companies TCP/IP add-ons for operating systems. Microsoft included it for free beginning with Windows 95.
Graphical User Interface
Sutherland from ARPANET developed sketchpad. Doug Engelbart invented the mouse in 1960. Xerox opened PARC in 1969. GuI invented at RARC in 1973. GUI: Interface between humans and computers. Mouse translates human motion into digital commands. Allows people to easily use computers. It maximizes user efficiency. Xerox’s Alto was too expensive. Word spread through silicon valley about it. Steve Jobs and Apple toured PAR in 1979. Jobs developed Lisa, $9,995. Motorola’s 6800 processor was powerful. Apple released Macintosh in 1989.
Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs was born in 1955, Steve’s adopted father Paul was a handyman. Steve learned about details from his dad. He made his parents move to escape bullies. Met Steve Wozniak at a new school in cupertino. Went to work for Atari. Co-founded apple computer in 1976. Apple computers led computing and consumer electronics. Jobs left them, returned to Apple and launched iMac, ipd, iphone, iPad. Found NEXT after Apple. He developed Pixar into a major movie production company. Then became Disney’s largest shareholder in 2006. Jobs understood the purpose. Developed a trademark look and teased his audience. There were catchy commercials. Understood the point of entrepreneurship.
Bill Gates
Bill Gates was born in 1955. He began programming in PASIC when 13 year old. Bill Gates and Pual Allen were early hackers. Gates wrote a program that put him in class with all the pretty girls. He went to Harvard and met Steve Ballmer. He read about Altair in 1975. Dropped out of HArvard to develop software for Altair. Founded Microsoft in 1976. Gates stuck with Microsoft from 1975 to 2008/2012. Microsoft office software is used by billions of people. Brought welsbrowsing to the mainstream privslic with windows. Gates kept Microsoft in line with its mission. Hada fiery personality, Ired Steve Ballmer in 1980. Ballmer led Microdot through the Xbox launch. Gates’s wife Melinda convinced him to form the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
History 5 Lesson 165
Unix
Thomson was born in NEw Orleans in 1943. Ritch was born in New York in 1941. They were the last of the Bell Labs engines to leave Muitics. Thompson kept playing on his computer. They invented the Unix in 1969. UNIX doesn’t matter what hardware it runs on. Programs do just one thing. Output becomes input. Rewrite and delete often. Build more tools, don’t just add people. Kerns shell programs. Shell: comets user to kernel. Hierarchical life system. Design for multiple users and security. Bell Lab’s used unix at work. Invented “C” programming language to port to other computers. Bell Labs licensed to other companies. College students took it with them to the business world. Steve Jobs built a Unix-based operating system called NeXISTEP.
Microprocessor
Robert Noyce, founder of Intel. Busicom asked Intel to build a processor for their calculator in 1969. Intel identified problems. Intel revised the chip’s design and reduced its complexity. Created the first microprocessor the 4004 in 1971. Microprocessor: processing and control. ALU is a fundamental building block. ALUs can be combined to make FPUs GPUs. Control unit driven by a crystal clock manages operations. Same processor design can be used in multiple applications. Busicom released exclusive rights of 4004 to Intel. Advertised programmable computer on a chip. Followed up with an 8-bit processor that led Altair. With a sparkling microcomputer. Apple computer founded in 1976.
Video Game Console
Ralph Baer was born in Germany in 1922. Climbed the electronic industry. Began working on TV projects for the military in the 1950s. Came up with the idea for a TV game in 1966. He convinced the CEO to approve more funding. Magnavox Odyssey was released in 1972. Video game console: Computer that displays games on TV. Wireless controllers gyroscope. Provides entertainment experience possible. Odyssey sold pretty well. Pon appeared in 1972. Atew 2600 released in 1977. Great video game crash of 1983. Nintendo revived the industry with the NES in 1985.
VHS and VCR
First VCRS released to the commercial industry in 1956. The JVC company wanted to develop records for consumers. Sony developed Betamax JVC developed VHS. Betmans could only record 1 hour. The VHS-playing VCR was released in the US in 1977. Tape heads transfer information from tape to screen. The heads spin ganist magnetic tape. Magnetic fields in the tape head read or write data to and from tape. Several consumer benefits. It was programmable. It became cheaper to record home movies. Initial resistance from movie studios. Consumers wanted longer recording time. RcA released a 4-hour recorder Several competing VHS models appeared.
History 5 Lesson 160
Just a heads up, this might be not the best essay, because I was a little rushed when writing it.
Polio Vaccine
Jonas Salk was born in New York City in 1914. He became a medical researcher. He learned about viruses under other doctors. There were grants that funded polio research. Salk created the polio vaccine in 1955. Polio vaccine prevents you from getting polio. Made using inactivated or weakened (But live) Virus. The oral form is cheaper. Saves people from needless crippling. People cried when the vaccine was announced. Salk became world famous. A million doses were pre-ordered. Mass production was handled by British scientists. It was eliminated in most of the world by 2003.
Intermodal Containers
Malcolm Mclean was born in North Carolina in 1913. He wanted to ship trucks by boat. Designed a container instead. He used a bank loan to buy WW2 tanks. Launched intermodal container ship in 1956. “Intermodal” is easily transportable. It drastically reduces labor cost. Simpilifles shipping process. They were stackable. Can haul all kinds of materials. The cost of shipping fell. Unions were unhappy. McLean expanded his patent to this International. Organization for standardization.
Integrated Circuit
Several people were involved in the invention of the integrated circuit. Several large companies wanting to miniaturize transistors Shockly turned Santa Clara into “silicon Valley” Shockley’s “traitors” founded Fairchild semiconductors. Noyce and Kilsy invented the integrated circuit in 1959. Integrated circuits are flat chips packed full of transistors. High performance, low cost. “Photo Masking” is like silicon blueprinting. Placed over silicon wafers and exposed to light. One transistor has about 10 manufacturers. Us Air Force and Wavy used it as tech. NANA’s Apollo guidance computer. Allows astronauts to control the spaceship. Government demand drives down prices. Led to industrial and commercial uses.
Lasers
Charles Townes was born in South Carolina in 1915. He invented the master in 1953. Could coined the term “LASER” in 1957. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser light is coherent. Electrons give up energy to move closer to the nucleus. “Lasint” forces them to do this. Beam contains high, focused energy. Other companies built their own lasers. Semiconductor lasers appeared in 1962. Then the barcode scanner appeared in 1974.
English 6 Lesson 150
A challenge my family faced, or more like I faced, was when our clippers quit working. I consider this a big problem, while others might think it’s not a big deal. I was touching up my lamb and I still had two others I had to shear. My dad was on a fire so he couldn’t help. My mom was in town and my grandma (my grandparents are my only neighbors while I live.) had to stay with my grandpa. So I was on my own for shearing my lambs for Sothern Fair. I was just finishing touching up his head when he decided he wanted to try and run away. I didn’t have his halter on. Shearing a lamb’s head with their halter on is hard that’s why I take it off. Anyway he was slipping from my grasp so I turned off the clippers and set them on the table. Only I didn;t set them fair enough away from the edge, my lamb stepped on the cord of the clippers and ended up yanking the clippers off of the table, I already had the halter on my lamb so I tried catching the clippers before they hit the cement.
Unfortunately they hit the ground, freaking out, I tried turning them on. Nothing. How was I gonna finish shearing? These were the bigger clippers that we used for the lamb’s body and parts of their head before we switched to a little set of clippers. Like I said earlier I was touching him up, I had already shorn him yesterday but there were parts I had missed. And I still had two more to shear! Now mangerly pancking I set the clipper back on the table so I can tie up the lamb so see what I can do. I tried seeing if maybe they had gotten unplugged, but everything was plugged in. I pulled out my phone and searched up what to do if your clippers aren’t working. I found nothing helpful. Packing even more, I sat down on the concrete, thinking about what I could do. I tried turning them on again with no luck.
I ended up crying there on the cold cement, I knew that any show equipment was expensive and that we don’t have enough money to buy more clippers. We got lucky with these. I was freaking out thinking mom was gonna be mad at me. I don’t know how long I sat there rocking back and forth screaming and crying but finally I decided to call my grandma, since I didn’t want to walk to her house, and leave my lamb ties where he was. I knew that all of my lambs were escape artists, they knew how to untie themselves and take off their halters.
So using the landline phone I had brought outside in case mom called me, I dialed my grandma’s house phone number. I told her what happened and it turned out somehow I blew a breaker, but the clippers still didn’t work, which caused me to cry again. Yes I know I’m crying a lot, but this was very stressful. After a while I tried my best using the little clippers to shear my lamb. When mom’s truck pulled up at the house, I freaked out again. She came to the back of the house where I had everything set up to wash and shear my lambs. I started to cry…again, telling her what happened and that I was sorry and that I should’ve tried harder to catch the clippers. While my grandma was patting my arm and telling me it would be ok, obviously it was NOT ok. Mom said that I probably just needed a break, and probably I needed to eat. She said that she would try and fix the clippers and then shear the lamb. I realized I hadn’t eaten anything but breakfast but that was like 6 in the morning. Now it was 3 in the afternoon.
After I got done eating I went back to my house, (I went to grandparents house because my grandma made pizza) mom couldn’t fix the clipper weather we would just have to wait until dad gets back so he could fix them, because one of my lambs did this last year and the clippers did the same thing, dad was able to fix them. Mom texted some of our show family, (Our friends who also show animals with us but are more like family than friends) someone had a set of clippers that we could use. Which was good cause even though my lamb’s wool hadn’t grown that much, we still needed to shear them. I suggested that we just leave it and show them anyway. Mom wanted to just not take the lambs, but I wanted to even though they needed to be shorn. We ended up getting them all sheared. Thanks to our friend who had a set of clippers, ok so the point of this really long story was mom was also freaking out about this so I suggested that we just not shear them because they looked ok enough to show at Sothern then when dad gets home which would be in time for county fair he could fix the clippers and when could shear them.
Science 6 Lesson 125
So I know that there’s not many of my 6th grade science projects are on here but that’s because I’ve done a lot of reading for Science, which I don’t mind because I love to read, now onto the assignment. I was supposed to got to a farm or a ranch and ask some questions, I live on a ranch and we farm a little so I just asked my dad the questions.
- What are some practices that limits soil erosion and water pollution? You can use cover crops so that when it rains your fields don’t erode and all of the sediment and the soil doesn’t get in the streams.
2. What are some methods used to conserve the natural resources? For Farming: Use a drip system, it has pipes that goes under the ground so the water reaches the roots of the plants. If the water was just placed on top, where the water could evaporate. So that uses more water just to make sure that your crop is well watered. For Ranching: There’s a saying take half leave half. That just means if your grazing a pasture, you want to let your cattle or whatever livestock you have graze half of it then leave half so put then in another pasture. That way the grass can grow, the whole cycle kind repeats itself.
3. What would happen differently if these methods were not used. If you didn’t have a cover crop your fields would erode, the wind would take away all of the soil, so you can’t plant anything for next year. The same thing would happen if you didn’t use the take half leave half method.
History 5 Lesson 150
Crystal Oscillator
Series of incremental discoveries. Curies discovered piezoelectricity. Used it to build instruments for detecting radioactivity. Piezoelectricity drew Scientific and invented the first oscillator in 1917. Dr.Cady invented his own in 1920. Patent lawsuits ensued.Solid materials can produce electricity when squeezed. Also works in reverse. Crystals can generate oscillating signals with low power. Multiply and divide with low power. Multiply and divide the output frequencies. Important as filters in transmitters and receivers. Better radios appeared in the 1920s. It was used in most radio stations by 1926. Made their way into clocks. Us Army converted its radio equipment to crystal in 1939. The wristwatch appeared in 1969. Critical in all electronics after the 1960s.
George Washington Carver
George Washington Carver was born in the 1860s. Became a Christian as a boy, learned to give back to others. Earning a college education, he went to work for Booker T. Washington. He ran experimental farms. Mostly known for his farming techniques. Pioneered crop rotation in the South. Promoted peanut recipes Mobile classroom for teaching farmers. Became famous for work with peanuts. Teddy Roosevelt became an admirer, he was honored by the Royal Society of Arts in England. Became nationally known after speaking before congress in 1929.
Yagi Uda Antenna
Tohoku university in Japan. Hidetsugu Yagi, researched radio waves. Shintaro Uda studied under Yagi. He invented the Yagi Uda antenna in 1926. Radio waves induce currents in antennas. Yagi Uda increases directivity. It is a modified dipole, the reflector and directors focus. It was cheap to make. IT was published in an English article in 1928. It was used when broadcasting went mainstream after the war. Yagi Uda antenna works well in VHF and UHF Frequency bands.
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881. Studied under a vaccine professor. He saw hundreds of wounded soldiers die during WWI. Studied bacteria for the next 14 years. Invented Penicillin in 1929. Penicillin can be swallowed or injected. It’s a fungus that kills bacteria. It’s grown in large tanks. 13 years would pass until the first patient was saved. Hard to grow an excited body quickly. Dr. Florey looked up the project in 1938. He worked with Ameraicans to mass produce it.
Shayly's School Work 